Английские фразовые глаголы

Большинство глаголов в английском языке можно отнести к двум типам. Первый тип – слова латинского происхождения. Они чаще используются в официальной речи и литературном языке. Второй тип – глаголы германского происхождения и производные от них фразовые глаголы. Они более свойственны разговорному языку.

Фразовый глагол представляет собой устойчивую связку из глагола и предлога (или наречия), в которой глагол означает действие, а предлог или наречие – его характер или направленность. Например, глагол come означает «приходить», «прибывать». Он входит в состав таких фразовых глаголов, как come in – «входить», come back – «возвращаться», come out – «выходить», come up – «происходить, возникать».

Вот примеры фразовых глаголов и их синонимов латинского происхождения:

Откладывать - to put off или to postpone
Продолжать - to go on или to continue
Собирать - to get together или to congregate
Отправляться - to get off или to depart

В русском языке из слова «делать» с помощью приставок образуется целая куча слов («сделать», «подделать», «разделать», «обделать», «отделать», «наделать»...), каждое из которых может в разных ситуациях означать разные действия. Подобно этому в английском языке из распространённых глаголов при помощи предлогов можно создать бесчисленное количество фразовых глаголов, способных означать всё, что угодно. Например, фразовый глагол get off может означать «вылезать», «сойти»; «снимать», «отправляться» «отделаться», «спастись», «убежать», «отрываться от земли», «отходить ко сну»…

Широкое использование фразовых глаголов - один из неожиданных подводных камней, на которые натыкается иностранец, изучавший литературный английский, при столкновении с реальной речью носителей языка, особенно американцев. Ниже приведён список употребительных фразовых глаголов из визуального словаря Britlex.

Самые распространённые английские фразовые глаголы

account for	объяснить (произошедшее)	How can you account for the contents of your pockets?
act on	действовать в соответствии	Well, let's act on the original plan.
add to	увеличивать	Of course, danger adds to the excitement.
add up	сходиться (об информации)	Your story doesn't add up.
allow for	выделять, рассчитывать	I always allow time for sleep.
ask around	поспрашивать	I've never seen her, but you should ask around.
ask out	пригласить сходить	You think about her. A lot. Just ask her out .
back down	отступить, отказаться	After a dozen attempts he backed down
back up	поддержать, прикрыть	Go ahead, I'll back you up.
bank on	надеяться, полагаться	We are banking on Bernie!
be after	иметь целью	Who are they? What are they after?
be back	возвращаться	I'll be back.
be in	участвовать	We are all in!
be into	любить, увлекаться	Lisa is into Pokemon collecting.
be late	опоздать	Mr. Paszkowski was late as usual.
be off	отсутствовать	Let's do it while they are off.
be over	закончиться	The paper is over. What a shitty day.
be up to	замышлять что-то	The children are definitely up to something.
beat up	побить	I don't even remember why I beat him up.
become of	случиться с к-л впоследствии	Do you know what became of that guy?
bend down	наклониться	Kathy bent down to tie the lace of her sneaker.
black out	обесточить	The entire city is blacked out.
block out	блокировать, не пускать	Use fences to block out the zombies.
block up	забиться (о канале)	The pipes must be blocked up :(
blow out	задуть (свечу)	Blow out the candle. Make a wish.
blow over	пройти, утихнуть	This scandal won't blow over so easily.
blow up	взорвать	Why did you blow up this warehouse?
blow up (2)	накачивать, надувать	I like blowing up the balloons.
bow out	откланяться, уйти	It's time for me to bow out.
break away	отделяться	In 1776 the colonies broke away from Britain
break down	ломаться	The cart broke down but we delivered the cargo.
break out	сбежать, вырваться	It's not easy to break out of prison.
break out (2)	вспыхнуть, разразиться	Protests broke out on Monday.
break up	разорвать отношения	It's time for us to break up. It's not you, it's me.
bring along	взять с собой	We always bring along our raccoon.
bring around	убедить	Nothing will bring me around to your point of view.
bring back	вернуть	Bring me back my 2007.
bring down	сбрасывать, свергать	Bring down a dictator, when bring down his statue.
bring in	привлечь	We brought in a new contractor to finish up.
bring out	выпустить (новинку и т.д.)	The selfie stick was brought out in 2014.
bring up	воспитывать	I'm Mowgli, I was brought up by animals.
bring up (2)	поднять тему	It was not me who brought up the subject.
buckle up	пристегнуться	Ever since then I buckle up.
build on	нарастить, развить	Use every chance to build on your skills.
burn down	сгореть, сжечь (полностью)	The house was burned down for a scene in the movie.
burn out	выгореть, перегореть	If you don't want to burn out, don't work.
butt in	встревать, вмешиваться	Sorry to butt in on the conversation, but you're wrong.
buy up	скупить	This guy bought up all the paint in the store.
call back	перезвонить	I'm driving. I'll call you back later.
call for	требовать, взывать	We're calling for justice!
call off	отменить	The game is called off :(
call on	обратиться, попросить	We called on a fortune-teller to figure it out.
calm down	успокоиться	Hey! Calm down bro!
carry out	выполнить	Now go and carry out the order.
catch on	внезапно понять	It takes a while for him to catch on.
catch on (2)	становиться популярным	Hats are catching on like never before.
catch up on	следить быть в курсе	I like to catch up on what's going on in the world.
catch up with	догнать	You go ahead - I'll catch up with you later.
cheat on	изменять	If he only knew that I cheat on him.
check in	вселиться (в отель)	Check in: After 1 pm.
check into	лечь (в больницу)	I had to check into the hospital.
check on	проверить, что всё норм	I had to check on my grandma.
check out	освободить номер	Check out: Before 12 pm.
check out (2)	посмотреть, заценить	Check out this fish dude!
cheer on	болеть (за спорт)	This pub is a great place to cheer on your team.
cheer up	взбодриться	Cheer up people, it's not that bad.
chill out	расслабиться	Just chill out and enjoy the moment.
chop down	срубить (дерево)	Get a machete. Chop down a tree. Build a house.
chop up	порезать (на кусочки)	Get a knife. Chop up the vegetables. Make a salad.
clean up	убрать (мусор)	You should always clean up after yourself.
clear off	убраться вон	It's my house, now clear off!
clear out	убирать, забирать	Sometimes we should clear out some of our junk.
clear up	прояснить(ся)	The rain is over, the sky is clearing up.
close down	закрыться (насовсем)	My favorite bookstore closed down.
close in on	приближаться	Please don't close in on me!
come about	произойти	How did it come about that the hippo broke free?
come across	встретить (случайно)	Last night I came across Mick Jagger on the street.
come along	продвигаться (о работе)	How is the building coming along?
come along (2)	идти вместе	The water is great. Come along with me!
come by	найти, заполучить	This is how Aladdin came by the magic lamp.
come by (2)	зайти	She came by the bank to see me the other day.
come down	сводиться	In the end everything comes down to sex.
come from	быть из	I'm Pedro. I come from Peru.
come into	унаследовать	After you die I'll come into a bit of money.
come off	выйти, получиться	We tried to call a spirit but nothing came off.
come off (2)	отвалиться	The wheels suddenly come off.
come on	включаться	It was that hour when the street lamps came on.
come out	выходить (напр. об альбоме)	The first movie ever made in history come out in 1895.
come out (2)	выступить, заявить	The next day he came out with a statement.
come over	заходить (в гости)	I came over to ask about something.
come through	пережить, перенести	Sometimes I wonder how I came through it.
come to	доходить до	Luffy is awesome when it comes to action.
come to (2)	очнуться	When I came to I was walking on the roof.
come under	подвергнуться	That night we came under dragon attack.
come up	произойти или появиться	Mr. President, something weird is coming up.
come up to (2)	подойти к кому-л.	Come up to the policeman and ask him.
come up with	придумать	Whenever you come up with an idea write it down.
come up (2)	приближаться (о событии)	How about the Tuesday coming up?
come with	прилагаться	Breakfast comes with the room and is amazing.
cool down	остыть	I took a shower under the waterfall to cool down.
cope with	совладать, справиться	The police couldn't cope with the civil unrest.
count on	рассчитывать на	I wouldn't count on the reliability of this bridge.
cross out	вычеркнуть	One more day has gone. Cross it out.
cry out	закричать (от страха, боли)	I looked at my hands and cried out in fear.
cut across	пересечь, срезать путь	It wasn't the best idea to cut across the forest.
cut down	урезать, уменьшить	If you want to be slim cut down your portion size.
cut off	отрезать, отключить	If you don't pay the bills we'll cut off the power.
dawn on	осенить	You know, it just... it suddenly dawned on me.
deal in	заниматься (напр. торговать)	My uncle deals in guns.
deal with	иметь дело с	Never deal with Gypsies.
die down	утихнуть	At sunset the wind died down.
die out	вымереть	Around 95% of all living species died out.
dig up	откопать	Where did you dig up such an ugly dress?
dispense with	обойтись без, избавиться	We were able to dispense with their participation.
do about	сделать (с чем-то)	I like burgers and I can do nothing about that.
do away with	покончить, избавиться	And now I'm going to do away with you.
do up	привести в порядок	It will take a while to do this room up.
do without	обойтись без	A man can do without food for forty days.
drag on	тянуться долго	The speech seemed to drag on for ages.
draw up	составить (документ)	Let's draw up a scheme and discuss the matter.
dream up	придумать (в деталях)	Last night I dreamt up a story about a dragon.
dress up	нарядиться	Lu was dressed up as a bloody elf.
drive out	выгнать	My dog has driven all ther cats out of the garden.
drop by	зайти (по пути)	It's Hemingway's favorite bar. Let's drop by.
drop off	завезти, высадить	Drop me off right here at the corner, man.
drop out of	бросить (учёбу)	After 6 months Steve dropped out of Reed College.
dry up	пересохнуть, иссякнуть	The river dried up. We can easily get to the city.
dwell on	остановиться (подробно)	Let's dwell on this one for a moment.
eat out	есть не дома	Every Sunday, they eat out.
eat up	съесть полностью	They ate up everything and left me nothing.
embark on	начать (что-то серьёзное)	Today I'm embarking on a new chapter in my life.
end up	заканчивать чем-либо	Sir you will end up in prison. Control yourself.
engage in	заниматься, вступать, вовлекать	Arabs engaged in trade and were wealthy people.
face up to	принять (обстоятельства)	It's time to face up to this sad reality.
fall apart	разваливаться	The building is falling apart. My bag is in there.
fall asleep	уснуть	I lied down and fell asleep despite the loud music.
fall back on	опереться, прибегнуть	I lost everything and had nothing to fall back on.
fall behind	отставать	The one who falls behind will be eaten.
fall for	вестись	MLM? Don't fall for that shit.
fall for (2)	влюбляться	Girls always fall for Greg and ignore me.
fall in love with	влюбиться	I fell in love with her that very moment.
fall out	ссориться	We fell out because of a cheeseburger.
fall over	упасть, перевернуться	Don't fall over while doing like that.
fall through	провалиться	Sometimes people fall through the ceiling.
feed on	питаться	The koala feeds on eucalyptus leaves.
feel for	сочувствовать	Liza feels for homeless cats and brings them home.
fend off	защищаться	In case of harassment be ready to fend off.
fight back	отбиваться	I always have a bat with me to fight back.
fight off	отбить	They are not able to fight off the attack.
figure out	понять, придумать	They can't figure out how to open these boxes.
fill in	заполнить	Filling in blanks is the most boring thing.
fill in on	посвятить (в подробности)	Now let me fill you in on the plan of action.
fill up	наполнить целиком	The cup must be filled up to the brim.
find out	выяснить	I'm trying to find out what she died of.
fit in with	вписаться (в коллектив)	I'm good at fitting in with a new group.
flick through	просмотреть, пролистать	It'll take years to flick through all the TV channels.
flood in	наплыть, валить потоком	Immigrants are flooding in like hell.
fool around	придуриваться	I like fooling around when I meet humans.
freak out	пугать или бесить	This appliance freaks me out, man!
free up	высвободить	I had to free up some space in my room.
freshen up	освежить(ся)	You can freshen up too if you wish.
frighten off	отпугивать	A good scarecrow frightens off birds and people.
fuck with	дразнить, шутить, злить	Hey, don't fuck with my dog!
get about	передвигаться (на чём-то)	We use self-made carts to get about the city.
get ahead	преуспевать, продвигаться	It's an easy way to get ahead financially.
get ahead of	обогнать	Punch the gas and get ahead of him!
get along	ладить	My pets get along quite well.
get at	клонить, намекать	Do you understand what I am getting at?
get away with	безнаказанно сделать	I always get away with stealing from stores.
get back at	отомстить	This is a right moment to get back at my classmate.
get by	обойтись, протянуть	You can't get by for a month on your savings.
get down	приступить	After photographing they got down to work again.
get in	прибывать (о транспорте)	My bus always gets in on time.
get lost	пропасть	Get lost, please. Thank you.
get off	выходить (из транспорта)	I will not take you farther. Get off.
get off with	отделаться чем-либо	Mr. Henry got off with a slight fright.
get on	быть, делать	Hi Nick, how are you getting on with your project?
get out of	избежать, отмазаться	I am so glad I got out of doing that!
get over	пережить, принять	I still just can't get over the whole thing!
get rid of	избавиться от	Do this exercise to get rid of your double chin.
get through	дозвониться	I can't get through to her. Her phone is off.
give away	раздавать, дарить	On holidays they give away food for the homeless.
give away (2)	выдать (раскрыть)	You must be Russian. Your accent gives you away.
give off	издавать, испускать	These flowers give off a very sweet aroma.
give out	раздать, выдать	I didn't study well and now I give out booklets.
give up	бросить (привычку)	Every year I give up smoking and drinking.
give up (2)	отказаться, сдаться	Ok, you are right I give up.
gnaw on	грызть, обгладывать	He had just a bone to gnaw on.
go about	заниматься (делами)	The countrymen went about their daily activities.
go against	противоречить	It goes against the laws of nature.
go ahead	взять (и сделать)	If you get nervous just go ahead and jump.
go along	поддерживать, соглашаться	We totally go along with your opinion, sir.
go down	быть принятым	The new songs went down really well.
go for (2)	выбирать, предпочитать	Most girls go for tall guys.
go for (3)	быть проданным за	This very house went for $102 million — in cash.
go into (2)	вдаваться	It is not necessary to go into the details
go off	сработать	Don't smoke. The fire alarm may go off.
go off (2)	отключиться	The power often goes off and goes on again.
go on	происходить	What the fuck is going on here?
go on (2)	продолжаться	Shit happens. Life goes on.
go out	погаснуть	The lanterns went out. The street is empty.
go over	просмотреть, изучить	Before going abroad go over your English notes.
go through	просмотреть, перебрать	Dean is going through every single pipe.
go together	сочетаться	Wine and cheese go together perfectly.
go under	разориться	My bank went under. I lost my job.
grow up	вырастать	The puppy grew up to be a very nice dog.
hand down	передать (по наследству)	My father handed down his craft to me.
hand in	сдать	He had to hand in his gun.
hand over	передать	It's time to hand the baton over.
hang around	зависать, слоняться	We used to hang around together in our teens.
hang out	тусоваться где-то	But I loved hanging out with them.
head for	направляться	We are heading for the mountains!
head off	выйти, отправиться	Now I'm heading off to the West End.
heat up	разогреть	You can use a hair dryer to heat the meal up.
help out	выручить	Help me out of here!
hit back	отыграться, отбиться	We did our best to hit back.
hit on	клеить, подкатывать	I only hit on girls who clearly want me to.
hold back	сдерживать	I couldn't hold back the tears.
hold on	держаться	Hold on tight not to fall down.
hold on (2)	оставаться на линии	Hold on, I'll switch you over to Mr. Fooks.
hold up	задержать, затормозить	I got held up in a traffic jam. Every day the same shit.
hook up	потрахаться	How often do you hook up with strangers?
hook up (2)	подключить, смонтировать	Everything is hooked up but nothing is working.
intrude on	вторгаться, вмешиваться	I won't tolerate you intruding on my family life, sir.
jump at	ухватиться (за возможность)	We jumped at the chance to travel for free.
jump in	вмешаться	One of them wants to jump in, the other one doesn't.
keep away	держать (ся) подальше	Just keep away from me, okay?
keep off	избегать, не трогать	Please keep off the grass.
keep on	продолжать делать	The snowstorm started but she kept on walking.
keep out of	не влезать	No, man, I'd rather keep out of all that.
keep up	успевать за чем-л.	Ali was too fast. Nobody could keep up with him.
kick around	обсудить (разг.)	I think it's a good idea. Let's kick it around.
kick back	расслабиться	Take a day off and kick back.
knock down	снести, сбить	The Berlin wall was knocked down on November 9.
knock out	вырубить (ударом)	Ali knocked him out in the first round.
knock together	слепить, соорудить	Today I'll show you how to knock together a table.
lash out	нападать, ругаться	A goose lashed out at us and chased us away.
lay down	установить (правило, норму)	The boss laid down a fierce set of rules.
lay off	уволить, сократить	The government laid off 1/3 of its civil servants.
lay out	выложить, разложить	Lay out your goods for all to see.
lead up to	предшествовать	The days leading up to exams are the hardest.
lean against	опереться, прислонить	She leaned against the bench and looked at Tom.
lean over	наклониться над, через	The guy leaning over a table is Lu?s, later Lu?s I.
leave behind	оставить, забыть	Don't leave your dog behind. Take it with you.
let in on	посвящать (в секрет, план)	Harry, I'm gonna let you in on a little secret.
let off	отпустить, дать отделаться	I was let off with a suspended sentence.
let smb down	подвести	My brakes let me down.
let smb in	впустить	Who let this cat in?
let up	прекратиться, стихнуть	After the storm let up we headed outside.
light up	осветить или загореться	The sunrise lit up the Arizona desert.
line up	встать в очередь	Line up and wait for your turn.
listen in on	подслушивать	The Big Brother listens in on all your phone calls.
live up to	соответствовать, дотягивать	Non one of them live up to my standards.
liven up	оживить, взбодрить	Mat Zo can liven up any party.
lock up	посадить в тюрьму или дурку	No wonder she was locked up.
long for	желать или скучать	Nobody knows what I am longing for.
look after	присматривать	It's Rob. He looks after sheep.
look around	посмотреть, оглядеть	Let's go and look around the old town.
look at	рассмотреть, обдумать	We didn't even look at this option.
look for	искать	Everybody looked for gold.
look forward	ожидать, предвкушать	The cats were looking forward to their fish.
look into	посмотреть, изучить	I have to look into this coin. It will take time.
look out	смотреть (опасность!)	Look out! He is angry!
look smb up	найти (в списке и т. п.)	In vain, I tried to look her up on Facebook.
look up to	уважать, восхищаться	The were the people we looked up to.
look up (2)	улучшаться, налаживаться	Things are looking up!
make into	переделать в	He made that coin into a pendant.
make of (2)	извлечь, получить	No matter where you go make the most of the trip.
make out	разобрать, понять	The doctor's handwriting is not easy to make out.
make out (2)	целоваться	I saw her making out with that guy from Queens.
make up	выдумать	Don't be afraid. I made up that story.
make up for	компенсировать, наверстать	Hurry up. We have to make up for lost time.
make up (2)	помириться	We quarreled but then made up.
map out	запланировать, расписать	Your life is mapped out by God. Or maybe not.
mark down	снижать ценник	My wife buys everything that is marked down.
mess up	испортить, накосячить	Come on. Don't mess it up!
mess with	возиться, связываться и т.д.	Don't mess with kangaroos.
mistake for	принимать за	I mistook this man for Hitler at first.
mix up	перепутать	Don't mix up the gifts.
move out	съехать, выселиться	When I moved out my parents were happy.
move over	подвинуться	Move over boys! I'm kinda tired.
name after	назвать в честь	Moore Park was named after the Mayor of Sydney.
nibble on	покусывать, обгрызать	A ground squirrel nibbled on a stalk of grass.
nose around	рыскать, вынюхивать	Be careful. The cops are nosing around.
occur to	прийти в голову	It occurred to me that I looked a bit stupid.
opt for	выбирать из вариантов	What kind of coffee do you opt for?
pass away	умереть	My granddad passed away in January.
pass by	проходить мимо	The people passing by did not seem to notice me.
pass off as	сойти, прокатить за	Can I pass off as a hare?
pass out	вырубиться	I'm afraid I'm passing out. Sorry.
pass smth on	отдать (другому)	Mike took a sip and passed the bottle on to me.
pass up	не воспользоваться шансом	I passed up the invitation. Don't wanna see nobody.
pay back	вернуть деньги	I expect you to pay it back as soon as you can.
pay off	расплатиться (с долгом)	This week we have paid off our mortgage.
pay out	выплатить (крупную сумму)	The insurance company will pay out for the car.
perk up	воспрянуть, оживиться	The flowers perked up after the rain.
pick on	дразнить, докучать	At first Tina used to pick on me.
pick out	выбрать или выделить из	I'd pick out the black one.
pick up	подобрать	I was waiting for someone to pick me up.
pick up (2)	прибрать	They made me pick up my room.
pile up	сложить, навалить	The cash was piled up in heaps in colonel's flat.
piss about	страдать хернёй	What am I doing? Just pissing about.
piss off	бесить	Man, you are pissing me off!
plug in	включать	It works better if you plug it in.
point out	указать	Jake pointed out northwest.
poke out	высовывать	The snake poked its tongue out, then back in.
pull back	отступить, отвести войска	The mission is failed. The troops are pulling back.
pull off	справиться, вытянуть	I think I pulled that off pretty damn well.
pull over	притормозить ненадолго	Let's pull over and ask for directions.
pull through	выжить, выкарабкаться	She feels better. I think she'll pull through.
put aside	отложить	Put some money aside for case you got robbed.
put away	посадить в тюрьму	I was put away for two-and-a-half years.
put in	вложить	I put in 770 dollars to build this submarine.
put it down to	объяснить, списать на	You can put it down to bad luck, but it's Providence.
put off	откладывать	Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
put off (2)	отвратить, отвлечь и т. д.	Almost drowning put her off swimming.
put on	надеть	I put this hat on to protect my brain from radiation.
put on (2)	провести (мероприятие)	They put on the carnival every year.
put out	обременять, стеснять	I hope I'm not putting you out bro?
put out (2)	потушить	If your dinner is on fire put it out with a cloth.
put smb down	подавлять, угнетать	His classmates put him down for that.
put through	подвергнуть	We put the rats through a number of tests.
put together	собирать, соединять	Putting together jigsaw puzzles makes you smarter.
put up with	принимать, мириться	Put up with your fate man. You're a loser.
put up (2)	устроить (напр. драку)	I'm ready to put up a fight.
reach out	потянуться (рукой)	Bob reached out to take the banana I offered.
read out	огласить, зачитать вслух	Then the judge read out the death sentence.
read up on	изучить вопрос	Read up on that island before going there.
resort to	прибегать к	We had to resort to brute force.
result in	привести к	His work resulted in the invention of the telegraph.
rip off	обмануть, ободрать	He ripped me off by taking the longest route.
roll up	свернуть, скатать	Roll up your sleeves and get down to work.
root out	искоренить	The authorities try to root out the drug industry.
rough up	грубо обращаться, нападать	Israeli soldiers often rough up journalists.
round down	округлить (вниз)	Let's round the price down to 200?
run after	гнаться за	The ostrich ran after me. It wanted to kill me.
run away	убежать	I ran away from home and hiked all summer long.
run counter	противоречить	But it runs counter to your earlier statements!
run into	случайно встретить	Sam ran into a bear in his garden.
run out of	исчерпать запас	On the halfway we ran out of gas.
run over	переехать машиной	He hurried too much and got run over by a truck.
save up	накопить	I'm saving up for a trip to Madagascar.
scrape through	с трудом пройти	Eventually I scraped through the finals.
scrape together	наскрести (денег)	I scraped some money together for a ticket.
screw up	завалить, просрать	Sorry mom. I screwed up my finals.
see off	провожать (в путь)	That day women saw their husbands off to the war.
see through (2)	довести до конца	Have determination to see the job through.
see to	заняться, позаботиться	I'll see to it that the cats are fed in time.
sell out of	распродать (весь товар)	Sorry, we have sold out of all cheese for the day.
send out	рассылать	The motherfuckers send out tons of junk mail.
set about	приступить, начать	We set about the research of the locality.
set down	написать, установить	Set down your plan for the year ahead.
set out	разъяснять	Let me set out my conditions in advance.
set out for	отправиться	The following day, the Legion set out for Nador.
set smb back	задержать	The earthquake set us back two days.
set smb back (2)	обойтись в (сумму)	Our wedding set us back €2500.
set smb up	подставить	It was not me, they set me up!
set smb up with	познакомить, свести	It was she who set me up with Jim.
set smb up with (2)	устроить, организовать	Yes, I can set you up with this job.
settle for	согласиться на	My cat never settles for human food.
settle in	освоиться	He quickly settled in and now feels himself at home.
settle on	определиться с	Now we have to settle on the route.
shake off	отделаться	Hit the gas to shake off the dog.
shake up	встряхнуть, взбудоражить	The morning news shook up the city.
show around	показать места	I've grown up here, let me show you around.
show off	показать всем, похвастаться	Bob is showing off his dancing talents.
show up	прийти, появиться	They don't expect me to show up at the party.
shut out	не впускать	They distrust, and therefore shut out the police.
shut up	заткнуться	Shut up. I don't wanna hear a word from you.
sign up	записаться, зарегистрироваться	Sign up, take a chance!
sit around	просто сидеть	They sit around all day and see everything.
sit back	отсидеться	We can't just sit back and wait. We have to act.
sit out	высидеть	Some lessons may be hard to sit out.
size up	изучить, оценить	Ken is sizing you up carefully.
sleep around	трахаться, блудить	She always sleeps around like crazy.
slow down	замедлиться	I slowed down to let the dogs pass.
sober up	протрезветь	In fact coffee doesn't help you sober up.
speak out	высказать	Anybody can speak out here.
speak up	говорить громче	Speak up please. It's noisy around here.
speed up	ускориться	'Stop speeding up!' she yelled.
spell out	разъяснить	Let me spell this out once more.
split up	разделиться	We have to split up to find her as soon as possible.
stand against	противостоять	Firefighters are standing against the police.
stand by	поддерживать, быть наготове	Keep in mind, my guys are standing by.
stand for	обозначать (в сокращении)	OMG stands for Oh My God!
stand for (2)	выступать за	We stand for animal rights.
stand out	выделяться	Don't be afraid to stand out in the crowd.
start up	основать, установить	I started up my plastic wishbone business in 2012.
stay up	не ложиться	I stayed up all night reading that book.
step down	уйти в отставку	I'm tired. I'm stepping down.
step in	вмешаться	The referee stepped in and ended the fight.
stick at	упорно продолжать	This game isn't hard to master — if you stick at it.
stick out	торчать, выделяться	I've lost some weight and now my ribs stick out.
stick to	придерживаться, соблюдать	I've never managed to stick to my schedule.
stick together	держаться вместе	We were told to stick together not to lose each other.
stir up	вызвать, возбудить	A witch should know how to stir up a storm.
stock up on	запастись	Stock up on food for hard times.
stop over	заехать, остановиться	Let's stop over at that bridge to take a photo.
strike out	потерпеть неудачу	What if I strike out again?
submit to	подчиниться	Submit to God's will, my little one.
sum up	подытожить	To sum up: it's a very big deal for us.
take after	быть в (родителей)	My daughter takes after me, doesn't she?
take apart	разбирать	We can take a bicycle apart in no time.
take away	отнять	The purse was taken away by three women.
take care	позаботиться, заняться	Thank you for taking care of the bonfire.
take down	записать	I took down all that had happened that day.
take in	понять, вникнуть	Too strange. I can't take it in.
take off	снять	No, Jenny, don't take it off!
take off (2)	взлететь	The plane is taking off, please take your seats.
take on	набрать (напр. рабочих)	Definitely colleges take on too many students.
take on (2)	соревноваться, столкнуться	That day Chelsea took on Everton.
take over	принять обязанности	Today I'm taking over as president of the US.
take up	заняться чем-либо	Take up yoga or at least golf.
talk into	уговорить	Finally he talked me into coming with him.
talk over	обговорить	Alright, let's talk it over right now.
talk smb out	отговорить	I don't know if they talked her out of jumping.
tell apart	различать	So how do you tell them apart?
tell from	отличить	Can you tell Jack Daniels from Lagavulin 16?
tell off	ругать	During the break the coach told me off severely.
tell on	донести на кого-то	His Polish neighbor told on him.
think over	обдумать	Some strange shit! I need to think it over.
throw away	выбрасывать	That's why his mother threw all those papers away.
throw up	блевануть	I always throw up after drinking alcohol.
tinker with	возиться, пытаться сделать	Chuck was tinkering with his motherboard.
tip smb off	предупредить, секретно сообщить	Monika tipped me off about his plans.
toy with	подумывать о ч-л	I'm toying with the idea of going to Peru next year.
track down	разыскать, отследить	Police tracked him down through the cell phone.
try on	примерить	I tried them on. They were a bit too big.
try out	испытать	Today I'm trying out my new skateboard.
turn away	не пустить	The door supervisors turned us away.
turn down	отказаться от предложения	Oliver decisively turned down my help.
turn into	превращать (ся)	It's time to turn into a wolf.
turn off	свернуть (с дороги)	I turned off the main road and proceeded on foot.
turn off (2)	выключить	When we hear him coming, we turn off the light.
turn on	включить	If you smell gas don't turn on or off any switches.
turn on (2)	заводить, возбуждать	And I love his voice…his voice turns me on.
turn out	оказаться	The insects turned out better than I expected.
turn over	перевернуть	Turn the steak over after 3 minutes or so.
turn up	сделать погромче	It's my favorite song, I'm gonna turn it up!
ward off	предотвратить, отогнать	Use spray to ward off mosquitoes.
wash down	запивать	We eat fruits and wash them down with palm wine.
wash up	умыться	After waking I washed up in the river.
wash up (2)	помыть посуду	Whose turn is it to wash up?
water down	разбавить, ослабить	I think they water down the beer.
wear off	сойти на нет, выветриться	The energy drink wore off quite soon.
wear out	измотать, истрепать	Artful Walchuck managed to wear out his opponent.
wind up	заканчивать	It's time to wind up for today. Thanks for coming.
wipe out	уничтожить	Every living thing on the earth will be wiped out.
work out	получиться, сработать	Yes! My plan worked out!
work out (2)	тренироваться	I adore working out on the seashore.
write out	выписать (документ)	He wrote out a speeding ticket and let me go.

Источник: 5000 английских слов с картинками и примерами